Roof construction



June 11, 1935- w A 2,004,198

ROOF CONSTRUCTION Filed March 29, 1933 2 She'etS-Sh86t l June 11, 1935.w FALL 2,004,198

ROOF CONSTRUCT I ON Filed March 29, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented June11, 1935 PATENT OFFICE noon consraocrron Joseph W. Fall, Evanston, Ill.,aaaignor to Benjamin Electric Mfg. Company, Des Plalnea, 111., a

corporation of Illinois Application March 29,,

10 Claims.

My invention relates to building construction elements, and moreparticularly to sheet metal shingles, siding, paneling, etc. These metalparts are preferably made of steel porcelain enameled,

but other non-corroding metals can be used, or other finish supplied. Inthe past where metal shingles have been used the upper portion of theshingle only was attached to the roof, and no means provided to supportthe lower end of the shingles. Consequently, such shingles would tend toloosen or leave openings due to warpage, etc.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a sheet metal shingleconstruction in which the lower overlapping edges of an upper row ofshingles will be held down in position by engagement with the securedupper edge of a lower row of shingles, thus preventing the shingles fromwarping and sticking up away from the other shingles and allowing rainand snow to get under them.

A further object of my invention is to provide a sheet metal shingleconstruction which will permit of lateral adjustment between adjacentshingles, still maintaining a weatherproof connection.

Another object of my invention is to provide a sheet metal shingleconstruction in which the heads of the nails will be covered by a layerof roofing fabric and in which the lower edge of the roofing fabric willbe clamped in position in applying the shingles, thus cushioning theconnection between the shingles to take care of expansion andcontraction due to changes in temperature.

Further objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent fromthe description and claims.

In the drawings, in which an embodiment of my invention is shown:

Figure l is a perspective view showing a number of sheet metal shinglesin place;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view on the line 2--2 of Fig 1;

Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the lower side of the sheet metalshingle.

Referring to the drawings in detail, the construction shown thereincomprises the rafters I, the wooden sheathing 2, secured to the rafters,strips of roofing fabric, such as tar paper 3 secured to the sheathing,and a plurality of shaped sheet metal shingles 4 secured on top of thetar paper 3. The fabric 3 and the shingles are so.

19:3. sci-m No. eszaoz\ (01. 10 1'1) arranged that the upper edge 5 of astrip of fabric is held underneath the outwardly extending upper flanges6 of a row of shingles, the shingle nails 1 being inserted through theholes 8 in the upper flanges 6 and driven through the tar paper 3 intothe sheathing. The lower edge 9 of a strip of tar paper overlies theheads ill of the shingle nails and is clamped down by the inwardlyextending flanges II on the lower edges of the overlapping layer ofshingles, so that all the nail heads are covered by tar paper.

The sheet metal shingles, excepting the ones at eacn end of a roll, areidentical in construction except as to width. The end shingles have aturned-down portion overlapping the edge of the roof, and in the case ofa valley between two roof portions the shingles are mitered, and thatedge is turned downward to meet the roof. Each shingle comprises a flat,weather portion l2, 8. downwardly-extending flange portion i3 on. oneside which fits into a U-shaped flange or gutter portion ll on the edgeof an adjacent shingle, a receiving dovetail flange IS on the upper edgeof the shingle and a Z-shaped flange l 6 on the lower edge of theshingle in said Z-shaped flange comprising an inwardly returnedoverlapping bearing portion ll for engagement with the upper edge of theweather surface of the underneath shingle and having a projectingdovetail portion l8 for engagement with the receiving dovetail portionl5 of the underneath shingle.

The entire outer surface of the portion I2 may be termed a weathersurface for the purposes of this specification.

The flange i5 forms a pocket to receive the projecting portion I8 of theZ-shaped flange is of an adjacent shingle, and flange It forms a pocketto receive the upper edge of the weather surface portion H of anadjacent shingle. These pockets are located under the weather surface ofthe shingles. In other words, the Z-shaped flange [6, including theportion ll, forms an inwardly extending hook portion which is arrangedto hook under the weather surface edge of an adjacent shingle andthereby retain the shingles snugly in overlapping relation.

The engagement of the downwardly-extending flange l3 with the U-shapedflange 14 permits lateral adjustment of the shingles with respect toeach other so that a row of shingles may be laid down on top of the tarpaper and lateral adjustment of this row of shingles made to make themextend the entire length of roof necessary to be covered before nailingthem down. The shingles of one row are staggered with respect to theshingles of the adjacent rows and half width shingles are provided withturned-down edges at one side to secure flush edge construction.

The upper end of the channeled flange is blocked, as indicated at l9, toprovide a further weatherproof feature of construction to prevent rainor snow which might beat up on the lower edge of the shingle fromgetting underneath the layer of shingles.

A clearance space 20 is provided at the corner between thedownwardly-extending side flange l3 and the dovetail portion l5 of-theupper flange to provide clearance for this weather-stop at the upperedge of the channel portion l4. Clearance 2| is also provided at thecorner where the downwardly-extending flange I3 approaches the lowerz-shaped flange I6 to provide for the reception of the bottom portion 2la of the U-shaped channel I 4. Clearance is also provided between theend edge 22 of the Z-shaped channel and the downwardly-extending sideflange to permit the entry of the upwardly-extending side 23 of theU-shaped channel flange.

Some of the holes 8 in the upper flange or nailing strip 6 for thepassage of the shingle nails 1 are out of alignment with other nailholes to take care of the situation where there might be a joint betweenthe sheathing at the nailing line.

It will be seen that the construction described provides a sheet metalroof in which the shingles are held against any tendency to warp, thusmaking them weatherproof.

Further modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art andit is desired, therefore, that the invention be limited only by theprior art and the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent is:

1. A sheet metal shingle construction comprising upper and lowershingles, the lower end of the upper shingle having an inwardly returnedportion overlying the upper edge of the lower shingle, said shingleshaving interengaging means adjacent said edges and underneath both saidshingles when interengaged for holding the lower edge of the uppershingle down, and a nailing portion extending outwardly of said upperedge and located below said interengaging means.

2. A sheet metal shingle construction comprising upper and lowershingles, the lower edge of said upper shingle having an inwardlyreturned portion overlying the upper edge of the lower shingle, saidshingles having interengaging means adjacent said edges and underneathboth shingles when interengaged for holding the lower edge of the uppershingle down, and said interengaging means comprising interengagingdovetail portions on said shingles, and flanges on said dovetailportions, said flanges arranged to clamp roofing fabric therebetween bysaid interengagement.

3. A sheet metal shingle construction comprising upper and lowershingles, the upper shingle having anoverlapping portion on its loweredge overlying the upper edge of the lower shingle, said shingles havinginterengaging means adjacent and below the edge of said lower shinglefor holding the lower edge of the upper shingle down and saidinterengaging means having cooperating clamping flanges, for clamping aroofing fabric therebetween during assembly, the clamping flange on theupper edge of the lower shingle being extended to provide a nailingstrip lying underneath said roofing fabric whereby the roofing fabriccovers the nail heads.

4. A sheet metal shingle construction of the character describedcomprising substantially flat rectangular sheet metal members havingdownwardly extending flanges on all edges, the side flanges forminginterlocking members between adjacent shingles arranged to allowoverlapping lateral adiustment and to prevent moisture passingtherebetween and the end flanges interlocking entirely underneath theweather surface portion of each shingle to retain the shingles snugly inend overlapping relation.

5. A shingle of the character described comprising a shallow sheet metalbox having its under side open, both end walls forming pockets extendingunder the weather surface portion of said shingle to receive outwardlyextending portions of adjacent shingles of the same character, one ofthe side walls forming a gutter arranged to receive the opposite sidewall of an adjacent shingle in laterally adjustable overlapping relationtherein.

6. A shingle of the character described comprising a shallow sheet metalbox having the edge of its weather surface portion extending beyond theupper end wall, a nailing strip on said end wall and extending beyondsaid weather surface edge, and an inwardly extending hook portionadjacent the lower end wall and arranged to hook under the said weathersurface edge of an adjacent shingle and thereby retain the shinglessnugly in overlapping relation, said hook having a portion forcooperation with said nailing stri to clamp roofing fabric therebetween.

7. A metallic shingle of the character described comprising asubstantially rectangular metal sheet with its edges formed to provide ashallow box-like structure, an outwardly extending nailing flange on oneend of said shingle and substantially in alignment with the open side ofsaid box, an inwardly extending flange on the opposite end andsubstantially in alignment with said open side, said last flange beingformed downwardly at a distance inwardly from said opposite end, wherebyin the normal act of building construction said last flange will rest onthe surface of an adjacent shingle and said downwardly extending portionwill engage the forward end of said adjacent shingle below the surfacethereof.

8. A sheet metal shingle construction comprising upper and lowershingles, the under face of the lower portion of the upper shinglesloping upwardly from the lower edge of the shingle and overlapping andlying snugly against the sloping upper face of the upper portion of thelower shingle, the upper portion of the lower shingle being bent toprovide an overhanging ledge portion, and a nailing strip portion, theupper shingle having a portion bent to hook underneath said overhangingledge portion.

9. A sheet metal shingle construction comprising upper and lowershingles, the under face of the lower portion of the upper shinglesloping upwardly from the lower edge of the shingle and overlapping andlying snugly against the sloping upper face of the upper portion of thelower shingle, the upper portion of the lower shingle being bent toprovide an overhanging ledge portion, and a nailing strip portion, theupper shingle having a portion bent to hook underneath said overhangingledge portion, and a portion overlying said nailing strip portion.

10. A sheet metal shingle construction comprising upper and lowershingles, the under face of the lower portion of the upper shinglesloping hanging ledge portion, and a. portion overlying said nailingstrip portion and spaced therefrom to enable a, sheet of roofingmaterial to be held between said nailing strips of said overlyingportion.

JOSEPH W. FALL.

